Is pMMR colon cancer still immune-cold?

This prospective study evaluated circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) surveillance in high-risk, ER-positive, HER2-negative early breast cancer during adjuvant endocrine therapy. Among 912 patients, 12% developed detectable ctDNA, with subsequent detection frequently preceding radiological recurrence (73.4%). Detection was associated with greater nodal burden and tumor grade. Findings highlight the importance of ultrasensitive assays for identifying molecular relapse before clinical recurrence.

Genomic assays have transformed adjuvant chemotherapy decision-making in HR-positive/HER2-negative early breast cancer, enabling many patients to safely avoid chemotherapy. Evidence from MINDACT, TAILORx, RxPONDER and OPTIMA supports increasingly personalized treatment strategies. However, uncertainty remains regarding chemotherapy benefit in premenopausal women, particularly the contribution of ovarian suppression. Further research must address younger and underrepresented populations, validate longer-term outcomes and integrate genomic assays with emerging biomarkers and modern therapies.

This phase 2 trial evaluated perioperative ivonescimab, alone or combined with chemotherapy, in resectable NSCLC. Major pathological response rates were 60.0% with monotherapy and 70.1% with combination therapy, meeting the primary endpoint in the combination cohort. Most responders had minimal residual viable tumor. Grade 3 or higher treatment-related adverse events occurred in approximately 30–36% of patients, with no treatment-related deaths or major surgical complications reported.

The EMPOWER-Lung 1 trial evaluated patient-reported outcomes with first-line cemiplimab versus chemotherapy in advanced NSCLC with PD-L1 expression ≥50%. Cemiplimab significantly improved global health status and quality of life (GHS/QoL) in the overall population and multiple subgroups, including patients with brain metastases, different histologies and older patients. It also significantly delayed QoL deterioration in selected subgroups, supporting its broader patient-centered clinical benefit.

The phase 3 ENZARAD trial evaluated whether adding enzalutamide to ADT and definitive radiotherapy improves outcomes in 802 patients with high-risk localized or locally advanced prostate cancer. After 92 months’ median follow-up, eight-year metastasis-free survival was 74% versus 72%, showing no significant benefit. However, a subgroup receiving pelvic nodal radiotherapy demonstrated improved metastasis-free survival. Grade 3–5 adverse events were comparable between treatment arms.

This international retrospective study evaluated 1,049 patients with renal cell carcinoma brain metastases, demonstrating improved median overall survival of 20 months compared with historical cohorts. Key adverse prognostic factors included poor performance status, low serum albumin, multiple brain metastases and extracranial disease. An updated Renal GPA stratified patients into distinct survival groups, with median survival ranging from 4.8 to 51.2 months.

This review explores the molecular evolution of colorectal cancer (CRC), from initial transformation to metastasis and treatment resistance. It highlights early driver mutations, subsequent genetic heterogeneity, epigenetic alterations and tumor plasticity. Metastatic spread involves evolutionary selection, while resistance arises through genetic and non-genetic mechanisms. Immune selection also influences disease progression and immunotherapy response. Emerging strategies include liquid biopsy monitoring, molecular hyperselection and adaptive treatment approaches.

This study evaluated an AI-assisted automated workflow for five-fraction accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI). AI-generated target segmentation demonstrated strong agreement with physician contours, while automated VMAT planning achieved comparable target coverage and improved organ-at-risk sparing. Six of seven end-to-end plans met institutional dosimetric constraints. Importantly, automation reduced planning time from an average of nine days to under one hour, demonstrating substantial potential for clinical workflow efficiency.

This review provides practical guidance on hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for gynecological cancer survivors experiencing treatment-induced or exacerbated menopause. It addresses cancer-specific safety, patient selection, timing, formulation, duration and monitoring. Transdermal estrogen is preferred, with combined therapy required for women with an intact uterus. Potential interactions with PARP inhibitors, bevacizumab and immune checkpoint inhibitors are also discussed, emphasizing individualized prescribing and long-term survivorship care.